Online ISSN:
3042-1772

Volume 1 , Issue 1, (2024)

Published:
29.08.2024.

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Issue 1 - 2024

Published: 29.08.2024.

Authors in this issue:

Abdelhameed Mohamed, Abhipsita De, Adam Sikora, Adrianna Skoneczna, Agnes Tessier, Albrecht Stroh, Aleksandra Andreyeva, Aleksandra Drašković, Aleksandra Korać, Aleksandra Yu Andreyeva, Aleksandra Cvoro, Aleksandra Jankovic, Aleksandra Korac, Aleksandra Ristić Fira, Aleksandra Stanković, Alena Pecinová, Alessandra Pecorelli, Alex Lyakhovich, Ana Popović Bijelić, Ana Ružanović, Ana Vesković, Ana Djordjevic, Ana Kijanović, Ana Ledo, Ana Ninić, Ana Penezic, Ana Teofilovic, Anastasia A Tkachuk, Anastasia Ioanna Papantonaki, Anastasiya Volkova, Andrea Vallese, Andrea Pozzer, Andreas Daiber, Andreas Vitsos, Aneta Wiesyk, Anna Giorak, Anna Guiotto, Anna V Goropashnaya, Anne-Françoise Rousseau, Anthony L. Moore, Arijan Valar, Arvand Haschemi, Azra Guzonjić, Barbara Ostanek, Bárbara S. Rocha, Barry Halliwell, Bato Korac, Bengu Cetinkaya, Biljana Srdić Galić, Biljana Srdic-Galic, Blanca Romero-Llopis, Blandine Poulet, Bojan Labachevski, Branislav Milovanović, Branka R Gavrilović, Bruna Rafaela Pereira Resende, Can Tunçay, Cândida Dias, Carlo Cervellati, Carlo Viscomi, Caroline Le Goff, Cátia F. Lourenço, Cátia Lourenço, Cemile Uslu, Chiranjit Panja, Christina Barda, Christopher Kremslehner, Dalila Laoudj-Chevinesse, Daniel C Moreira, Daniela Ardalic, Daniela Caporossi, Danijela Vojnovic Milutinovic, Danilo Cetic, Darko Davitkov, David Nußbaum, Dejan Stevanovic, Diana Mikhailova, Dimitra Ieronymaki, Dimitrios Katsiris, Dimitrios Vlachodimitropoulos, Dirk Cleppien, Dominika Mihalikova, Dragana Jovanović, Dragana Robajac, Dragica Zendelovska, Eda Kapan, Ekaterina S. Kladchenko, Elina S Chelebieva, Elisabeth Ponweiser, Elizabeth Hood, Emilija Atanasovska, Ena Šimunić, Erdi Sozen, Erika Fernandez-Vizarra, Etienne Cavalier, Etna Abad, Evica Dincić, Federico V Pallardó, Filip Janjić, Florian Gruber, Francesca Marcato, Francesco Galli, Fulvio Ursini, Gaelle Gendronneau, Georgios Gkikas, Georgios Parthymos, Giada Petringa, Giuseppe Valacchi, Giuseppe Poli, Goran Miljus, Guilherme Horta, Guillermo Puertas-Frias, Hagar Fadda, Hamada Elwan, Hansjörg Habisch, Hemdan Mahmoud, Henning Ubbens, Homer Black, Igor Mindukshev, Igor Golic, Iñigo Yoldi Bergua, Ioannis Sfiniadakis, Ionela Mariana Nagelreiter, Irina Iskortseva, Isidora Protic, Iva I. Podgorski, Iva Perović-Blagojević, Ivan Spasojević, Ivan Petrović, Ivana Simić, Ivana Kuntić, Jacek Zielonka, Janja Marc, Jaroslaw Ciesla, Jean-Olivier Defraigne, Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien, Jelena Kotur Stevuljević, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević, Jelena Francuski Andrić, Jelena Jevtic, Jelena P Gavrić, Jiayin Zheng, Jiří Neužil, João Gonçalves, João Laranjinha, Joël Pincemai, Johanne Anastassopoulou, Jonathan Maury, Jos Lelieveld, Joussef Hayek, Jovana Stevanovic, Jovana Kuveljić, Juan Sastre, Kelly L Drew, Kristina Spariosu, Kristýna Čunátová, Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski, Larin Deeb, Lazar Karić, Lea Strohm, Leonardo Nardi, Ljupka Gligorovska, Lorena Baquero, Lucija Dončević, Lukáš Alán, Maja Ajduković, Maja Bosković, Maja Vukobratovic, Maja Živković, Marek Vrbacký, María José Saucedo-Rodríguez, Maria Giakoumaki, Maria Kyriazi, Maria S Podolskaya, Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez, Marie Vanišová, Marie Sophie Narzt, Marija Vasić, Marija Aleksic, Marija D. Milošević, Marija Petrushevska, Marija Popova-Labachevska, Marija Takić, Marijana Popović Hadžija, Marin Kuntić, Marko D Prokić, Marko Mirč, Marta Kaloper, Marta Roldán-Lázaro, Marta Sipko, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann, Masanta Suchismita, Matea Juric, Matthias Kohl, Matthias Oelze, Micael Hardy, Michael Schmeißer, Michaela Sochorová, Michail Christou Rallis, Michelangelo Mancuso, Milena Dimitrijević, Milena Cvijanović, Milena Radaković, Milica Mandic, Milica Kovačević Filipović, Milica Mamić, Milos Sunderic, Miloš Đorđević, Miloš Mitrović, Milos Vrataric, Minja Derikonjić, Mirjana Udicki, Miron Sopić, Mladen Paradžik, Mohamed Mohany, Natalija Samardzić, Nataša Tomašević Kolarov, Natasa Velickovic, Natasa Z Djordjevic, Natzi Sakalihasan, Nejla H Zupic, Nesrin Kartal Ozer, Nevena Đukić, Niki Chondrogianni, Ninoslav Mitic, Ognjen Radojicic, Olga L Gostyukhina, Olgica Nedic, Omar Hahad, Ondrej Kuda, Otilija Keta, Pablo Cirrone, Panagoula Pavlou, Petr Pecina, Phaedra Winstanley-Zarach, Pilar González-Cabo, Radmila Ristić, Raffaele Cerutti, Raheema Hassan Khan, Ratko Tomašević, Rita Noverques, Robert Belužić, Roman Maslanka, Ron Kohen, Roza Kucharczyk, Salim S. Al-Rejaie, Samuele Zoratto, Sandra Sobočanec, Sanja Erceg, Sanja Kovacevic, Sanja Milenkovic, Sanja Stojanovic, Sara Stojanovic, Sebastian Steven, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Slavica Ranković, Snežana Kovačević, Sophie Christelbach, Steffen Daub, Stephan Sudowe, Stevo Najman, Strahinja Đurić, Strahinja Djuric, Sven Danckwardt, Svetlana G Despotović, Sylwia Pilch, Tamara G Petrović, Tamara Lapeña, Tamara Zakic, Tanja Vukov, Tarun Pant, Tatiana B Sigacheva, Tatjana Ivković Kapicl, Tawfeeq Shekh-Ahmad, Thomas Berkemeier, Thomas Münzel, Tihomir Balog, Tijana B Radovanović, Tijana Vučić, Tobias Madl, Tomáš Mráček, Tomáš Čajka, Tristan Junglas, Tugce Demirel-Yalciner, Tuguldur Enkhbaatar, Ufuk Ersoy, Vadim B Fedorov, Valeria Cordone, Valeria Balmaceda, Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan, Vesna Ćeriman Krstić, Vesna Mandic Markovic, Vladana Petković, Vsevolod Belousov, Willem H Koppenol, Yara Shqair, Zana C Dolicanin, Zeljko Mikovic, Zeynep Ülker, Zorana Dobrijevic, Zorana Milosavljević, Zorka Drvendžija,

29.08.2024.

Professional paper

ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICALS IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Increased damage by ROS plays a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias, and diets rich in antioxidants (high intake of fruits and vegetables) seem neuroprotective (as well as being protective against many other age-related diseases). However, attempts to treat/prevent such diseases by giving high doses of antioxidants such as vitamins E and C and carotenoids have, overall, been unsuccessful. Reasons for this will be discussed. A major focus of our work is a unique diet-derived thiol/thione with antioxidant properties, namely ergothioneine (ET). Low blood levels of ET are a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, frailty, eye disease, pre-eclampsia and age-related diseases generally. We have identified “adequate levels” of plasma ET in humans, levels below which are associated with increased disease occurrence, and the reasons leading to these low levels are under investigation. In animal studies, ET has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge certain ROS, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, decrease brain damage in models of Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases and stroke, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis. ET may also influence the gut microbiome. There is evidence that ET is specifically accumulated at sites of tissue injury, so we have called it an “adaptive antioxidant” that may not interfere with the normal physiological roles of ROS. But does low ET predispose to age-related diseases or is it a spurious correlation? Extensive cell and animal studies strongly suggest the former. Caveats in the use of ergothioneine supplements to prevent/ameliorate aged-related diseases include its potential to generate trimethylamine-N-oxide by the action of ergothionase enzymes in gut bacteria and its ability to be taken up by many bacteria, a few of which are pathogenic (e.g. H. pylori, M. tuberculosis). These caveats will be discussed.

Barry Halliwell